Supply Chain Risk Management Study of the Indonesian Seaweed Industry

Die Supply Chain von Algen in Indonesien, insbesondere Karrageen und Agarprodukte, ist mit Störungen innerhalb der Unternehmen und in externen Netzwerken konfrontiert wie z. B. Quantität, Qualität, Preis und Infrastruktur. Sobald eine Störung in einem Teil der Supply Chain auftritt, kann diese die gesamte Wertschöpfungskette beeinflussen. Um eine nachhaltige Algenindustrie sicher zu stellen, bedarf es einer langzeitigen Planung. Hierbei kann das Supply Chain Risk Management (SCRM) helfen. SCRM umfasst vier kritische Stufen: Identifikation der Algen-Supply Chains, Identifikation und Kategorisierung der Risiken, Einschätzen der Risiken und Vermeidung der Risiken. Um die Algen-Supply Chains zu identifizieren, wurden Feldforschung, Tiefeninterviews und Literaturrecherchen durchgeführt. Die Feldstudie wurde in den Provinzen Süd-Sulawesi, West-Java, Ost-Java, Banten und West-Nusa Tenggara durchgeführt. Anschließend wurden die Algen-Supply Chains mit der Software Umberto NXT Universal 7.0 modelliert, um ein besseres Verständnis von den Material- und Energieflüssen zwischen den Hauptakteuren zu erhalten. Um die Risiken zu identifizieren und zu kategorisieren wurden Literaturrecherchen durchgeführt und die Delphi Methode angewandt, um potentielle Quellen der Risiken, ihre Gründe und ihre Effekte zu analysieren. Zur Einschätzung der Risiken wurde ein semi-quantitativer Ansatz gewählt, welcher auf Face-to-face Interviews zurückgreift. Dementsprechend wurde eine Risikokarte erstellt, welche die Wahrscheinlichkeiten und Effekte von ungünstigen Ereignissen widerspiegelt. Basierend auf den vorherigen Ergebnissen wurde die Intensität der Risiken in die folgenden fünf Kategorien unterteilt: vernachlässigbare, geringe, kritische, sehr kritische und katastrophale Risiken. Drei alternative Strategien zur Vermeidung der Risiken werden vorgeschlagen: der Bau einer kleinen Algen-Fabrik, große Algen-Herstellung und industrielle Algen-Cluster, welche direkt am Algenanbau angegliedert sein müssen. Um die Strategien zu bewerten wurde die Preference Ranking Organization Method for Enrichment Evaluation (PROMETHEE) angewandt, welche der multikriteriellen Entscheidungsanalyse zuzurechnen ist. Die Vermeidungsstrategien berücksichtigen  Nachhaltigkeitskriterien (Ökologie, Wirtschaft, Soziales) und Risikokriterien. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass Algen-Supply Chains mit vertikaler Kooperation, aus Algen-Lieferanten (Farmer, lokale Händler, Großhändler und Exporteure) und Algen-Herstellern (Carrageen- und Agarunternehmen) bestehen. Die meisten Algen-Farmer sind unabhängige Farmer, die die Möglichkeit haben die Algen entweder an lokale Händler oder andere je nach Präferenz verkaufen können. Lokale Händler spielen eine entscheidende Rolle hinsichtlich der finanziellen Unterstützung der Farmer, der technischen Informationen und des Marktzugangs. Indonesische Carrageen- und Agarhersteller weisen ein kontinuierliches Marktwachstum auf, insbesondere als Familienunternehmen. Die Risiken der Algen-Supply Chain werden in zwei Hauptkategorien unterteilt: interne und externe Risiken. Interne Risiken werden weiterhin in zwei Gruppen untergliedert: interne Unternehmensrisiken, welche aus Prozess- und Steuerungsrisiken bestehen, sowie externe Unternehmensrisiken, die Supply- und Nachfragerisiken umfassen. Externe Supply Chain Risiken, die aus externen Netzwerkketten resultieren, sind Risiken hinsichtlich regulatorischer Fragen, der Finanzierung, Infrastruktur als auch soziale und umweltbezogene Risiken. Als kritischstes Risiko für die Carrageen-Supply Chain wurde die mangelnde Qualität von E.cottonii rohgetrockneten Algen identifiziert. Weitere kritische Risiken der Agar-Supply Chain sind Quantitätsunsicherheiten, die Knappheit von Gracilaria roh getrockneten Algen sowie negative Umweltauswirkungen des Abwassers. Aus  der Fallstudie zu halb-raffinierten Karrageen resultierte das Clustern von Algen-Verarbeitungsbetrieben als ist die beste Risikovermeidungsstrategie sowohl für große als auch kleine Unternehmen. Nichtsdestotrotz kann sich das Clustern negativ auf die lokale Umwelt auswirken.

Analisis Karakteristik UKM Jaket Kulit Di Kabupaten Garut Dengan Menggunakan Model ”Diamond” Porter

The leather jacket industry is one of the strategic industry for local economy in Sub Province Garut, West Java. The aim of research is to analyzed characteristics of leather industry using The Diamond Porter (1990) model. The data were collected using questionnaire, survey, in depth interview and combination of them. The analysis was done by descriptive analysis. The study was conducted to leather industry in the area of Garut Kota and Karangpawitan suburb. It was found out that the continuity of the industry was supported by local conditions as well as municipal government. The research also revealed that the linkage among supporting industries such as raw material suppliers were very strong. Their linkage with local government was moderate, while the linkage with related industries such as banking, R & D institution or university was categorized as weak

Inclusive Business Models in Coffee Value Chain: Comparing Practical Evidence Between East Java and North Sumatera

This paper explores inclusive business practices by focusing on the relationship between investments for-profit and social impact for small-scale farmers. Value chain mapping was used and combined with business model canvas to enable fact-finding and linkage between profit-taking action and social impact in the coffee value chain. The study was performed in two regions: East Java and North Sumatra. The study interviewed 72 farmers from Bondowoso District, East Java, and 30 farmers from Mandailing Natal District, North Sumatra. The qualitative analysis revealed the role of local organization networks in supporting the extension and improving performance in value chain governance. The organization networks supported social issues and provided access to diverse resources and environments for companies to build commitments. Furthermore, the business model canvas modeled value propositions that were practically tackling the dimensions of profit and social impact to the organization's context. The coffee value chains in both regions were differ based on key features and elements of small farmers' inclusion in the coffee value chain. The findings show that the coffee business model in Mandailing Natal encouraged smallholder farmer inclusion better than in Bondowoso. Therefore, the study implies that a shifting from profit into social initiatives in inclusive business is needed. This study provides practical evidence of business model canvas in the coffee value chain cases, showing how to develop a mission social innovation in a profit organization. Keywords: inclusive business models, business model canvas, value chain, coffe

Analisis Karakteristik UKM Jaket Kulit di Kabupaten Garut dengan Menggunakan Model ”Diamond” Porter

The leather jacket industry is one of the strategic industry for local economy in Sub Province Garut, West Java. The aim of research is to analyzed characteristics of leather industry using The Diamond Porter (1990) model. The data were collected using questionnaire, survey, in depth interview and combination of them. The analysis was done by descriptive analysis. The study was conducted to leather industry in the area of Garut Kota and Karangpawitan suburb. It was found out that the continuity of the industry was supported by local conditions as well as municipal government. The research also revealed that the linkage among supporting industries such as raw material suppliers were very strong. Their linkage with local government was moderate, while the linkage with related industries such as banking, R & D institution or university was categorized as weak

Strategi Peningkatan Mutu Layanan Kolaborasi Jaringan Transport Telekomunikasi di Indonesia

The study aims to analyze the factors that can improve service quality and formulate a strategy for improving the collaboration of telecommunication transportation network services at telecommunication companies in Indonesia. The method used in this study is an exploratory analysis based on the Information Technology Service Management (ITSM) framework and analysis of internal and external conditions as well as Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) calculations. Factors that can improve service quality are strategy, design, transition, operation, and Continual Service Improvement (CSI), while the preparation of service quality improvement strategies is accelerating the implementation of transport network roadmaps, developing resilience systems, forming agile teams and improving business processes. The results of the research can be used as a strategic proposal for improving the quality of transport network services in telecommunications companies

ANALISIS RISIKO RANTAI PASOK PESTISIDA PADA PT. AGRICON

One solution to increase agricultural production is to overcome pests and diseases by using pesticides, which has an influence on pesticides’ availability. Therefore, it is necessary to analyse the performance and risks that arise in the pesticide supply chain. This study aimed to identify and analyse supply chain mechanisms and the performance of pesticide supply chain, and to identify and analyse risks of pesticide supply chain. The Van der Vorst method was used to analyse the structure of supply chain networks, supply chain business processes, supply chain management, and supply chain resources. The results of performance measurement using SCOR model showed that there were still around 0.61% of orders that were not fully fulfilled; the order fulfillment cycle time was 12 days; the upside supply chain flexibility matrix was ​​three days; and the upside supply chain adaptability matrix was ​​11.72%. Based on these results, the performance value of pesticide supply chain was 52.69% and falls into bad (unacceptable) category. These results indicate that there were still performance attributes that were not optimal. There were still lost of opportunities because the company targets were not fulfilled, which had an impact on profit loss. Risk identification using the FMEA-HOR 1 method, from 40 risk events and 24 risk agents, 10 priority of risk agents were obtained that needed to be mitigated so that the pesticides supply chain could run effectively and efficiently. Keywords : pesticides, supply chain mechanisms, performance, ris

Analysis of the catfish (clarias sp.) value chain and its problems in Bogor, Indonesia

Catfish is one of the leading freshwater commodities stipulated by the Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries (KKP) of the Republic of Indonesia. The annual production target of catfish continues to increase every year. This study aims to analyze the actors and the value chain map of catfish, problems in the value chain of catfish, and the strategies to improve the value chain. This research was conducted by survey method using questionnaire instrument. The survey was done by using purposive sampling technique to 23 catfish farmers, 7 catfish wholesalers, 5 catfish retailers, and 5 catfish processors in Bogor Regency. In this study, there are 4 channels of the value chain of catfish from the production to the consumer. The four actors who are involved in the value chain, namely farmer, wholesaler, retailer, and processor. The constraints along the value chain consist of three aspects: pre-production, production, and post-harvest.  Pre-production problems include thequality of seeds, high price of feed, and lack of capital. Problems on production are the weather, fish mortality, and social security. Problems facing post-production cover price instability and  lack of bargaining power of farmers. Proposed up-grading strategies to improve the competitiveness are strengthening partnership among farmers, strengthening partnerships between farmers and  other strategic partners (traders, and feed companies)

Kepuasan Pelanggan Terhadap Kualitas Pelayanan Jaksa Agung Muda Bidang Perdata dan Tata Usaha Negara (Jam Datun) Kejaksaan Agung Republik Indonesia

The Attorney General's Office of the Republic of Indonesia is the government institution that carries out services in civil and administrative matters whereby the Deputy Attorney General for Civil and Administrative Matters (Jam Datun) executes the task. This research is to ascertain customer satisfaction toward the quality of Jam Datun's services by analyzing the variable of service that are important to service user satisfaction and the Jam Datun’s service user satisfaction level. This research utilizes the saturated sampling method with online survey techniques to all Jam Datun Service users in 2021, which amounted 82 service users that is Government institution, State-owned enterprises, Subsidiaries of State-owned enterprises and their affiliates, as well as consortia of State-owned enterprises. The data obtained has been processed using the Importance Performance Analysis (IPA) method and Customer Satisfaction Index (CSI). The results of the IPA analysis showed that the essential attributes based on service users' perceptions are Clarity of information on the stages of handling cases or legal services and Excellencies of accomplishing the legal services to certain legal matters. The results of CSI analysis are 85.58% indicating that the index of service users’ satisfaction in Jam Datun is "Extremely Satisfied." Keywords: jam datun, importance performance analysis, customer satisfaction index, the attorney general's office of the republic of indonesia, servic

Analysis of the Factors Affecting Performance of Sustainable Supply Chain Management of Garut Arabica Coffee

Research aims: This study aims to analyze the factors influencing the sustainable supply chain management of Garut Arabica Coffee in increasing product competitiveness.Design/Methodology/Approach: This study used a quantitative approach with an exploratory and causal design to explain how one variable influences or is responsible for changes in other variables. A quantitative approach analyzed the factors influencing the sustainability of Garut Arabica Coffee’s supply chain operational performance.Research findings: Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) analysis revealed that economic, social, and environmental factors positively and significantly impacted the sustainability of the Garut Arabica Coffee supply chain. The SWOT analysis showed that it requires implementing an integrated strategy from all factors with the support of sustainable infrastructure facilities, programs to eradicate farmer poverty, recycling defective products, and monitoring suppliers using the ISO 140001 standard.Theoretical Contribution/Originality: This study analyzed the factors influencing the Garut Arabica Coffee sustainable supply chain and provides strategies based on supply chain sustainability indicators that can be implemented to overcome the problems faced.Practitioners/Policy Implications: This study gives beneficial information to stakeholders from farmers, cooperatives, and the government involved in developing the supply chain performance improvement of Garut Arabica Coffee production.Research Limitations/Implications: This research was still limited to the performance of the supply chain on a micro scale with 100 respondents, so the scope still needs to be expanded to have a bigger impact on society

Strategi Optimasi Jaringan Distribusi Sampah Organik di Tangerang Selatan

South Tangerang City is the youngest city that officially separated from the Tangerang Regency in 2008. Area of South Tangerang City 147,19 km2 or 1,63 percent from the area of Banten Province with the widest area of Pondok Aren subdistrict with an area of 2.988 hectares. While administratively, South Tangerang City has 7 sub-districts namely Pamulang, Setu, Ciputat, East Ciputat, Serpong, North Serpong and Pondok Aren, and has 54 villages. Optimizing the distribution network of organic waste supply chain can be formulated in Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP) model. Variants of VRP include Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problem (CVRP) can be used as a model in optimizing the waste transport route and the determination of the fastest route for the transport process of organic waste in all intermediate transfer points spread in South Tangerang city. The results of this research formulate some models of optimization organic waste transport routes in each sub-district in South Tangerang city. As in Setu district there is one optimum route, Serpong district there are 7 optimum route, Pamulang district have 6 optimum route, Ciputat district have 3 optimum route, East Ciputat District have 1 optimum route, Pondok Aren district have 4 optimum route, North Serpong there are 2 optimum routes